Tropes Aren’t Theft: What Freeman v. Wolff Teaches About Substantial Similarity in YA Fantasy Fiction
Published: March 30, 2026
A recent decision from the Southern District of New York offers one of the most detailed modern analyses of substantial similarity in the increasingly popular young adult fantasy/“romantasy” space.
The case arose from a dispute between an unpublished author and the creator of a commercially successful paranormal romance series. The plaintiff alleged that her manuscripts—shared years earlier with a literary agent—were copied in the defendants’ novels. The court, however, granted summary judgment for the defendants, concluding that no reasonable jury could find substantial similarity of protectable expression.
The opinion is notable not just for its outcome, but for its methodical breakdown of what copyright law does not protect.